Abstract

To improve the high value-added utilization of rosin for sustainable agriculture, two series of natural dehydroabietyl-1,2,4-triazole based derivatives (totally 50) were designed using natural rosin as the basis, and all compounds underwent characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Compound 6d (Co. 6d) exhibited excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia solani . The physiological research showed that Co. 6d caused severe damage to the cell membrane, and induced oxidative stress. Subsequently, computer-aided drug design (CADD) analysis suggested that the active sites of Co. 6d lie in 1,2,4-triazole and benzene rings, facilitating the formation of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions between Co. 6d and catalase proteins. Metabolomics was then employed to reveal the disorder mechanism of mycelial physiology, and the results indicated that Co. 6d affected mycelial sphingolipid metabolism and oxidative metabolism. Transcriptomics was further used to investigate the disorder mechanism of mycelial metabolic, and the results suggested that Co. 6d decreased the expression of genes related to sphingolipids, sterols and oxidative metabolism. The action mechanism of Co. 6d against R. solani was elucidated by integrating the results of mycelial microstructure, physiology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics, and the results showed that Co. 6d inhibited the biosynthesis of mycelial cell membrane and induced oxidative stress. Additionally, the expression levels of core genes were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the results were consistent with the transcriptome data. Finally, the acute toxicity evaluation indicated that Co. 6d exhibited low toxicity toward zebrafish and earthworm. In summary, these findings provided a theoretical reference for preparing plant-based derivatives