整合多组学分析技术，成功筛选出与无籽油棕果实中油酸积累相关的候选基因及蛋白质。

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the world’s most important woody oil crops, with the mesocarp serving as the primary site of palm oil accumulation. Oleic acid (C18:1), an important monounsaturated fatty acid in palm oil, directly affects palm oil quality through changes in its abundance. Although seedless oil palm exhibits relatively high oleic acid levels, the molecular processes associated with its accumulation remain poorly understood. In this study, seedless oil palm mesocarp samples collected at 95 (FL1), 125 (FL2), and 185 (FL3) days after pollination were subjected to integrated metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic analyses, followed by qRT-PCR analysis of selected candidate genes. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses included two biological replicates per developmental stage, whereas transcriptomic analysis was based on one biological sample per stage and qRT-PCR analysis included three biological replicates. The relative LC–MS/MS signal of oleic acid increased markedly during the late developmental stage (FL3). Multi-omics analyses revealed developmental changes in pathways associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, carbon metabolism, and glycerolipid/glycerophospholipid metabolism. Proteomic KEGG analysis further showed significant enrichment of several carbon- and fatty-acid-related pathways after multiple-testing correction. Among the candidate genes and proteins identified, PDH E1α, DLAT, and ACC1 were mainly associated with precursor supply, including pyruvate-to-acetyl-CoA conversion and malonyl-CoA formation; KAS-related candidates, FabG-like, and FabZ were associated with chain elongation, reduction, and dehydration reactions in the fatty acid biosynthetic cycle; and LACS4, PLS1, and PLD1 were associated with fatty acid activation and downstream glycerolipid/glycerophospholipid metabolism. FAD2-like was further associated with the downstream desaturation of C18:1