Abstract

Iodine-125 ( 125 I) brachytherapy has become one of the most effective palliative treatment options for advanced esophageal cancer. However, resistance toward 125 I brachytherapy caused by pre-existing tumor hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway activation represents a significant limitation in esophageal cancer treatment. To circumvent these problems, herein, we proposed an innovative strategy to alleviate radioresistance of brachytherapy by co-encapsulating catalase (CAT) and HIF-1 inhibitor-acriflavine (ACF) into the hydrophilic cavities of liposome , termed as “ [email protected] ”. Under overexpressed H 2 O 2 stimulation in the tumor region, the fabricated [email protected] can generate an amount of O 2 and alleviate tumor hypoxia in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, cooperating with ACF, the expression of hypoxia-related protein (e.g. HIF-1α, VEGF, MMP-2) are obviously decreased. Importantly, the copious oxygenation and the significant inhibition expression of HIF-1α can further improve the radiosensitivity of 125 I brachytherapy and finally realize the eradication of esophageal cancer in vivo. The oxygen enrichment and HIF-1 inhibition function of [email protected] provides a new strategy to overcome the brachytherapy resistance of esophageal cancer therapy.