Abstract

Photothermal bone tumor scaffolds have gained research interest due to their advantages such as precise temperature control and high photothermal conversion efficiency. However, existing scaffolds are often constrained by inadequate mechanical strength and uncontrollable burst release of chemotherapeutic agents, which limits their long-term clinical efficacy in preventing tumor recurrence. This study employs a unique configuration consisting of solid outer wall and triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structure porous scaffold with three channels, overcoming the inherent trade-off between strength and porosity. By regulating wall thickness and internal porosity, customizable mechanical properties matching those of human autogenous bone are achieved. Through encapsulation of MXene photothermal materials and chemotherapeutic drugs into inner channels 1 and 2, respectively, spatiotemporal control over photothermal-chemotherapy synergy is realised via on-demand laser switching. Doping magnesium-containing akermanite ceramic powder into ZrO2-toughened Al2O3 promotes low-temperature liquid-phase sintering. The ionic products (Ca2+, Mg2+) released from the resulting eutectic phase decomposition act on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), inducing osteogenic differentiation. Ultimately, by orchestrating spatial partitioning and temporal sequencing, this work integrates robust mechanical properties, sustained drug release, precise dosage control, and tissue regeneration into a implant. This establishes a technical pathway for the integrated ‘resection-therapy-regeneration-prevention’ strategy in osteosarcoma management.