Abstract

Physical forces, such as magnetic and mechanical stimulation, are known to play a significant role in the regulation of cell response. In the present study, a biomimetic regeneration patch was fabricated using E-jet 3D printing, which integrates mechanical and magnetic stimulation in a biocompatible “one-pot reaction” strategy when combined with a static magnetic field (SMF). The magneto-based therapeutic regeneration patch induced myoblasts to form aligned and multinucleated myotubes, regulated the expression of myogenic-related genes, and activated the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway via the initiation of myogenic differentiation. To validate the efficiency of the proposed strategy, the regeneration patch was implanted into mice and exposed to a suitable SMF, which resulted in significantly enhanced in vivo skeletal muscle regeneration. The findings demonstrated that appropriate external physical stimulation provides a suitable biophysical microenvironment that is conducive to tissue regeneration. The method used in the present study represents a promising technique to induce the regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle tissue. Graphic abstract