Abstract

The testicular microenvironment, with Sertoli cells as a key component, plays a pivotal role in spermatogenesis. DHX37 , a member of the DEAH-box family of RNA helicases, has been identified as a pathogenic gene in 46, XY disorders of sex development (DSD), underscoring its potential significance in testicular development. Here, we focus on elucidating the role of Dhx37 in maintaining Sertoli-cell survival. RIP-seq and RNAi-RNA-seq reveal that Dhx37 safeguards nucleolar integrity and PI3K–AKT signaling, suppresses p53-driven apoptosis, and its loss triggers pro-apoptotic splicing. Cell-specific Dhx37 knockout mice ( Dhx37 −/− ) were subsequently generated to investigate the function of Dhx37 in testicular development. In the Dhx37 −/− mice, we observed pronounced defects, including diminished testicular volume, lower testosterone levels, and marked vacuolization of the seminiferous tubules. Immunofluorescence staining revealed disruptions in both Sertoli and germ cell compartments, characterized by reduced cell proliferation and elevated apoptosis. The snRNA-seq disclosed marked changes in the expression of genes governing apoptosis and proliferation, findings that were further validated through qRT-PCR and Western blotting. In this study, we identified Dhx37 as a pivotal determinant of nucleolar architecture in murine testicular Sertoli cells. Preservation of the nucleolus safeguards supporting normal testicular morphogenesis. Graphical Schematic illustrating the proposed mechanisms by which Dhx37 deficiency affects testicular development and spermatogenesis. In normal testes (left), Sertoli cells maintain a well-organized nucleolus with intact nucleolar structures, including Granular Component (GC), Fibrillar Center (FC), Dense Fibrillar Component (DFC). In this context, MDM2 interacts with P53, preventing the accumulation of P53 and inhibiting apoptosis, thereby supporting normal testicular architecture and spermatogenesis. However, in Dhx37 −/−