Abstract

This study aims to investigate the differences in the microbial community structure of goat manure under various breeding environments, providing scientific evidence and theoretical support for healthy breeding practices. Gut microbiota is a key determinant of feed conversion, disease resistance and overall productivity in ruminants. The gut microbiome is an integral part of the digestive system. Its composition and functional traits markedly influence digestive efficiency, immune development, gut homeostasis and reproductive performance. Using four goat dairy farms in the Yangling, Shaanxi Province as study subjects, fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology, combined with α-diversity indices and β-diversity analysis. The results revealed significant differences in the microbial community structure of goat feces across different farms, with each farm exhibiting unique microbial communities. Each farm harboured distinct microbial signatures and functional profiles, providing microbiota-based targets for precision management of Guanzhong dairy goats.