Abstract

Regenerative medicine for bone tissue in the oral cavity aims to repair alveolar or jaw defects. An ideal, highly active, osteoinductive, three-dimensional scaffold that can effectively promote cell proliferation and differentiation has not been reported. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a biological macromolecule composite scaffold derived from porcine dermal matrix bone tissue decellularized using sodium deoxycholate technology. The composite scaffold was composed of a porcine dermal acellular tissue matrix and human bone powder. The bone powder/acellular tissue matrix (Bp/ATM) scaffold was porous with a porosity exceeding 70%. Bp/ATM provided an osteoinductive scaffold that recruited osteoblasts to the site of injury and promoted their differentiation to bone cells. The 50% (v/v) bone-scaffold mixture significantly accelerated mineralized matrix production and the expression of osteogenesis-related proteins during osteogenic differentiation in vitro . This mixture also enhanced bone regeneration at the defect site in vivo in a rat cranial defect model. These observations suggest that Bp/ATM forms a highly active osteoinductive and osteoconductive scaffold that is a promising biomaterial for bone regeneration.