Abstract

The human retina serves as a light detector and signals transmission tissue. Advanced insights into retinal disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies require a deep understanding of healthy retina molecular events. Here, we sequenced the mRNA of over 0.6 million single cells from human retinas across six regions at nine different ages. Sixty cell sub-types have been identified from the human mature retinas with unique markers. We revealed regional and age differences of gene expression profiles within the human retina. Cell-cell interaction analysis indicated a rich synaptic connection within the retinal cells. Gene expression regulon analysis revealed the specific expression of transcription factors and their regulated genes in human retina cell types. Some of the gene’s expression, such as DKK3 , are elevated in aged retinas. A further functional investigation suggested that over expression of DKK3 could impact mitochondrial stability. Overall, decoding the molecular dynamic architecture of the human retina improves our understanding of the vision system.