Muramyl dipeptide (MDP)是肽聚糖的共有结构单元，是一种合成的免疫反应肽，由N-乙酰壁酸与L-Ala-D-isoGln的短氨基酸链相连，来自革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的肽聚糖的共同结构基序。Muramyl dipeptide通过MAPK途径上调Runx2基因表达，诱导成骨细胞分化。同时，Muramyl dipeptide还是 NLRP1的激动剂。

参考文献

[1]. Ok-Jin Park, et al. Muramyl Dipeptide, a Shared Structural Motif of Peptidoglycans, Is a Novel Inducer of Bone Formation through Induction of Runx2. J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Jul;32(7):1455-1468. 

[2]. Kitaura H, et al. Role of Muramyl Dipeptide in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Biological Activity and Osteoclast Activity. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst). 2018 Feb 14; 2018:8047610.

[3]. Gorskaya YF, et al. Ligands of NOD2 (Muramyl Dipeptide) and TLR4 (LPS) in 24 h after Combined In Vivo Administration Produce a Synergistic Increase in the Content of Multipotent Stromal Cells in the Bone Marrow and Peritoneal Exudate of CBA Mice. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2019 Feb;166(4):473-476.

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