Abstract

Blood clots containing nutrients can promote multiple tissue repair, but their use in nerve repair is limited due to the risk of red blood cell-related neurotoxicity. We presented a cell motility-based selective hydrogel for the rapid generation of nerve-repairing blood clots with negligible red blood cell toxicity. This hydrogel, derived from gelatin and featuring a nanocolloidal structure, permitted the migration of neural stem cells (NSCs) while blocking red blood cells, which was mediated by differential cell motility within its nanostructure. Following the rapid generation of blood clots, the hydrogel with blood-derived growth factors promoted the recruitment of endogenous NSCs. The nanocolloidal structure in the hydrogel facilitated the migration and differentiation of NSCs to repair the neural tissue. In rats and porcine models, the hydrogel could induce rapid hemostasis and promote nerve repair in vivo, leading to improved neurological function. This work provides a proof of concept for the generation of nerve-repairing clots using a cell motility-based selective hydrogel, which would inspire future methods for nerve repair.