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细胞增殖检测方法大全(下)——荧光染料法

细胞增殖是生物体生长、发育、繁殖和遗传的基础,是生物体的重要生命特征。细胞通常以分裂的方式进行增殖。细胞毒性(cytotoxic)是由细胞或化学物质引起的单纯细胞杀伤事件,不依赖于凋亡或坏死的细胞死亡机理。

根据您实验室现有的实验条件,可选择使用多功能酶标仪的化学发光发检测,也可选择利用荧光显微镜或者流式细胞仪的检测。最常见的细胞增殖和毒性的检测方法有以下几种:

图1.细胞增殖/毒性检测的常见方法

 

上次,我们已经介绍了4种检测方法(细胞增殖/毒性检测方法大全(上)——化学发光法检测)。这次来聊聊其他检测方法。其中,荧光检测一般采用细胞外标记染料(如CFSE、BrdU和EdU)或内源性蛋白(如Ki-67)作为指示物,通过荧光显微镜或流式细胞术进行检测。而流式检测则是将染有不同细胞表面标记的细胞样本经过荧光激发后在流式细胞仪中分析,通过对荧光信号的定量测量来确定不同分子标志物在不同时间点和条件下的表达和变化。两种检测方法都可以用于细胞增殖、表观遗传学和细胞周期等方面的研究。
01

DNA合成检测

原理解读

Brdu:5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷,为胸腺嘧啶的衍生物(类似物),BrdU可代替胸腺嘧啶,随着DNA复制进入子细胞,因此在加入BrdU后分裂增殖的细胞DNA都会带有BrdU标记,可用于标记活细胞中新合成的DNA(细胞活性周期S期)。通过抗BrdU单克隆抗体检测,借此检测细胞的增殖能力,但BrdU单克隆抗体检测过程需要将部分DNA变性,使部分双股解开成单股才能顺利检测。且BrdU为光敏性,因此需要在光线刺激较低(黑暗)的环境下操作,并避光培养。
 
EdU原理跟BrdU检测法类似,都是代替胸腺嘧啶(Thymine, T)渗入正在复制的DNA中,并加入能与Edu反应的荧光染料,即可利用检测荧光值侦测应用于细胞增殖,或在细胞组织级别作为标记追踪等研究,实验过程不需要经过BrdU检测法的DNA变性处理。
图2.EdU检测原理

 

实验操作

BrdU实验所需试剂:
主要试剂:BrdU染料,BrdU单抗(一抗),PBS,免疫组化相关试剂等(多聚甲醛,过氧化氢,封闭血清等)
实验流程:
图3.BrdU操作流程
EDU实验所需试剂:
主要试剂:EDU染色试剂盒,BSA,PBS,多聚甲醛等
实验流程:
图4.EdU操作流程

 

实验结果

  • 荧光图片结果:
图5.野生型和pld6−/-增殖细胞的EdU染色青少年性腺。用抗血管免疫组化染色法标记生殖细胞。N表示被分析的个体数。比例尺:100 μm(EdU staining of proliferating cells in wildtype and pld6−/-juvenile gonads. The germ cells were marked by anti-vasa immunostaining. N represents analyzed individual number. Scale bar: 100 μm)
 

参考文献:Zhang R, Tu YX, Ye D, Gu Z, Chen ZX, Sun Y. A Germline-Specific Regulator of Mitochondrial Fusion is Required for Maintenance and Differentiation of Germline Stem and Progenitor Cells [published online ahead of print, 2022 Oct 18]. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022;e2203631. doi:10.1002/advs.202203631(IF:17.521)

 
图6.AADAC促进CRC增殖和肝脏定植。A AADAC蛋白在sh-AADAC HCT116细胞和ADOE SW480细胞中的表达。B sh-AADAC和ADOE细胞的增殖能力。C sh-AADAC和ADOE细胞的集落形成能力。D代表荧光sh-AADAC和ADOE细胞中EdU染色的图像和相对定量。(AADAC promotes CRC proliferation and liver colonization. A Protein expression of AADAC in sh-AADAC HCT116 cells and ADOE SW480 cells. B The proliferation ability of sh-AADAC and ADOE cells. C The colony formation ability of sh-AADAC and ADOE cells. D Representative fuorescent images and relative quantifcation of EdU staining in sh-AADAC and ADOE cells.)

 

参考文献:Sun R, Lin Z, Wang X, et al. AADAC protects colorectal cancer liver colonization from ferroptosis through SLC7A11-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation [published correction appears in J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022 Oct 25;41(1):313]. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2022;41(1):284. Published 2022 Sep 26. doi:10.1186/s13046-022-02493-0(IF:12.658)

 
  • 流式图片结果:
图7.NIH/3T3在生物打印结构中的细胞增殖和活力表现。(A) TSHSP水凝胶结构和GEL-ALG结构(Alamar蓝法)中细胞增殖谱的比较(B) TSHSP水凝胶结构和GEL-ALG中DNA复制的比较构造(i) (EdU掺入试验),上述两个构造在第9天和第29天DNA复制的细胞术(ii-v)( Cell proliferation and viability performance of NIH/3T3 in bioprinted constructs. (A) Comparison of cell proliferation profiles in TSHSP hydrogel constructs and GEL-ALG constructs (Alamar Blue assay) (n = 3, error bars, mean ± SD). (B) Comparison of DNA replication in TSHSP hydrogel constructs and GEL-ALG constructs (i) (EdU incorporation assay) (n = 3, error bars, mean ± SD), cytometry plots of DNA replication in the above two constructs on day 9 and 29 (ii-v))

 

参考文献:Chen H, Fei F, Li X, et al. A structure-supporting, self-healing, and high permeating hydrogel bioink for establishment of diverse homogeneous tissue-like constructs. Bioact Mater. 2021;6(10):3580-3595. Published 2021 Mar 23. doi:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.03.019(IF:14.593)

 

DNA合成检测更多详细信息请参考专题:EdU系列荧光检测产品
 

产品推荐

货号

产品名称

规格

40275ES60/76/80

Yefluor 488 EdU Imaging Kits
Yefluor 488 EdU 细胞成像试剂盒(绿色荧光)

100/500/1000T

40276ES60/76/80

Yefluor 594 EdU Imaging Kits
Yefluor 594 EdU 细胞成像试剂盒(红色荧光)

100/500/1000T

40277ES60/76/80

Yefluor 647 EdU Imaging Kits
Yefluor 647 EdU细胞成像试剂盒(远红外色荧光)

100/500/1000T

40278ES25/50

Yefluor 488 EdU Flow Cytometry Assay Kits
Yefluor 488  EdU 细胞流式试验试剂盒(绿色荧光)

20/50T

40279ES25/50

Yefluor 594  EdU Flow Cytometry Assay Kits
Yefluor 594 EdU 细胞流式试验试剂盒(红色荧光)

20/50T

40280ES25/50

Yefluor 647 EdU Flow Cytometry Assay Kits
Yefluor 647 EdU 细胞流式试验试剂盒(远红外色荧光)

20/50T

 
 
02

细胞增殖荧光染色

表2.细胞增殖荧光染料选择推荐表

产品货号

产品名称

Ex/Em nm

染色部位

应用

40757ES25

DiR Iodide (DiIC18(7))
细胞膜深红色荧光探针

748/780

细胞膜染色,深红色荧光

活细胞染色,体内成像或示踪实验,外泌体染色

40725ES10/25

DiO(DiOC18(3))
细胞膜绿色荧光探针

484/501

细胞膜染色,绿色荧光

活细胞染色,体内成蜃

40758ES25

DiD Perchlorate(DiIC18(5))
细胞膜红色荧光探针

644/663

细胞膜染色,红色荧光

外泌体染色,活细胞染色,自带其他荧光的细胞或组织染色

40718ES50/60/72

Celltracker CM-DiI
 活细胞示踪剂CM-DiI(红色)

553/570

细胞膜染色,红色荧光

活体动物染色,细胞染色

40714ES76/80

CFDA SE Cell Proliferation and Cell Tracking Kit
细胞增殖与示踪检测试剂盒

494/521

细胞浆染色,绿色荧光

细胞增殖群落分析,体内增殖研究

40721ES50/60/72

活细胞示踪剂CMFDA(绿色)

492/517

细胞浆染色,绿色荧光

细胞增殖,细胞间融合,细胞粘附及多药耐药转运蛋白的研究,病原菌标记

40747ES76/80

Calcein-AM/PI Double Stain Kit
Calcein-AM/PI活细胞/死细胞双染试剂盒

490/515

Calcein-AM:活细胞浆染色,发绿色荧光;P1:死细胞核染色,红色荧光

活细胞/死细胞染色

40711ES10/60

PI(Propidium Iodide)
碘化丙啶

535/617

细胞核内DNA

死细胞染色

40745ES64

7-AAD Viability Staining Solution
7-AAD细胞活力染色液

546/647

细胞核内DNA

坏死或晚期凋亡细胞染色

40202ES60/76/80/92

Alamar Blue 阿尔玛蓝

560/590

在氧化状态下呈现紫蓝色无荧光性,而在细胞增殖旺盛期,还原状态下,转变为呈粉红或红色荧光的还原产物

动物、真菌和细菌细胞的增殖情况

 

CFDA,SE染料检测细胞增殖与示踪

图8.CFSE法测定不同培养组T细胞3天内细胞增殖代数的直方图(Histogram of generations of T cells  in different culturing groups measured by the CFSE assay in 3 days)

 

参考文献:Deng, Luchan et al. “Chlorzoxazone, a small molecule drug, augments immunosuppressive capacity of mesenchymal stem cells via modulation of FOXO3 phosphorylation.” Cell death & disease vol. 11,3 158. 2 Mar. 2020, doi:10.1038/s41419-020-2357-8

 

DiR染料标记肿瘤细胞后,注射肿瘤细胞进入动物体内,活体成像

图9.miR497/TP-HENPs在体内的靶向性和抗肿瘤活性A体内成像观察肿瘤靶向能力的不同纳米粒子。B小鼠皮下SKOV3-CDDP肿瘤主要器官和肿瘤的离体荧光图像。C通过(A)中测量的荧光强度,定量分析注射后肿瘤部位DiR分布主要器官和孤立的皮下肿瘤的平均荧光强度评估。(The targeting and antitumor activity of miR497/TP-HENPs in vivo. A In vivo imaging to observe the tumor targeting ability of diferent nanoparticles. B Ex vivo fuorescence images of the main organs and tumors isolated from mice bearing subcutaneous SKOV3-CDDP tumors. C Quantitative analysis of DiR distribution in the tumor site postinjection elevated by the fuorescence intensity measured in (A). D Quantitative assessment of the mean fuorescence intensity in major organs and isolated subcutaneous tumors.)

 

参考文献:Li L, He D, Guo Q, et al. Exosome-liposome hybrid nanoparticle codelivery of TP and miR497 conspicuously overcomes chemoresistant ovarian cancer. J Nanobiotechnology. 2022;20(1):50. Published 2022 Jan 25. doi:10.1186/s12951-022-01264-5(IF:10.435)

 

DiR染料标记外泌体后,注射外泌体进入动物体内,活体成像

图10.外泌体和GEM的体内生物分布。(A)静脉注射给Panc-1异种移植小鼠的DiR标记外泌体的体内生物分布。(B)在体内DiR@PEG-PE在Panc-1异种移植小鼠体内的生物分布。(C) Panc-1异种移植小鼠主要器官和肿瘤的离体图像静脉注射DiR标记的外泌体。(D)静脉注射DiR@PEG-PE后Panc-1异种移植小鼠的主要器官和肿瘤的离体图像。(In vivo biodistribution of exosome and GEM. (A) In vivo biodistribution of DiR-labeled exosomes intravenously administered to Panc-1 xenograft mice. (B) In vivo biodistribution of DiR@PEG-PE intravenously administered to Panc-1 xenograft mice. (C) Ex vivo images of major organs and tumors from Panc-1 xenograft mice after intravenous injection of DiR-labeled exosomes. (D) Ex vivo images of major organs and tumors from Panc-1 xenograft mice after intravenous injection of DiR@PEG-PE)
 

Calcein-AM/PI活细胞/死细胞染色

图11.不同纤维膜上培养成纤维细胞的活/死荧光图像。比例尺,100 μm (Live/dead fluorescence images of fibroblasts cultured on different groups of fiber membranes. Scale bar, 100 μm)
 

参考文献:Zhang W, Xia S, Weng T, et al. Antibacterial coaxial hydro-membranes accelerate diabetic wound healing by tuning surface immunomodulatory functions. Mater Today Bio. 2022;16:100395. Published 2022 Aug 13. doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100395(IF:10.761)

 

阿尔玛蓝染色

图12.用阿拉玛蓝法评估细菌存活率(Survival rate of bacteria assessed by alamar blue assay)

 

参考文献:Yin H, Zhou M, Chen X, et al. Fructose-coated Ångstrom silver prevents sepsis by killing bacteria and attenuating bacterial toxin-induced injuries. Theranostics. 2021;11(17):8152-8171. Published 2021 Jul 13. doi:10.7150/thno.55334(IF:11.556)

 
图13.(I)sgctrl和MDM2 KO BEAS-2B细胞MDM2的表达水平(肺上皮细胞系)。(J)用Alamar蓝法测定BEAS-2B细胞sgctrl和MDM2 KO克隆的细胞活力。(K) sgctrl和MDM2 KO BEAS-2B细胞的集落形成分析((I) Expression levels of MDM2 of sgctrl and MDM2 KO BEAS-2B cells (lung epithelial cell line). (J) Alamar Blue assays were performed to determine the cell viability of sgctrl and MDM2 KO clones of BEAS-2B cells.(K) Colony formation assays of sgctrl and MDM2 KO BEAS-2B cells)

 

参考文献:Wang Q, Li J, Zhu J, et al. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening for therapeutic targets in NSCLC carrying wild-type TP53 and receptor tyrosine kinase genes. Clin Transl Med. 2022;12(6):e882. doi:10.1002/ctm2.882(IF:11.492)

 

03

其他细胞染色

染色原理

台盼蓝(Trypan Blue)染色,一种偶氮、亲水性酸性蓝色染料,可透过死亡细胞和垂死细胞的细胞膜,将其染成蓝色,而活细胞由于其细胞膜的完整性,可将台盼蓝排斥在外,因此,通过颜色的变化即可将活细胞(活细胞呈透明无色)和死细胞鉴别开来。
图14.EGFR-TKI固有耐药EGFR激活突变型肺癌细胞对铁沉诱导物更敏感。(A-B)台盼蓝染色 (C-F) CCK-8测定 (EGFR-TKI intrinsic drug-resistant EGFR activating mutant lung cancer cells are more sensitive to ferroptosis inducers. (A-B)trypan blue staining (C-F) CCK-8 assay)

 

参考文献:Zhang T, Sun B, Zhong C, et al. Targeting histone deacetylase enhances the therapeutic effect of Erastin-induced ferroptosis in EGFR-activating mutant lung adenocarcinoma. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2021;10(4):1857-1872. doi:10.21037/tlcr-21-303(IF:6.498)
 

 

产品推荐

货号

产品名称

规格

40207ES20

0.4% Typan Blue Solution 台盼蓝染色液(0.4%)

20mL

40207ES60

100mL

40208ES60

Typan Blue Staining Cell Viability Assay Kit
台盼蓝染色法细胞活力检测试剂盒

100T

40208ES76

500T

400-6111-883