New meroterpenoids featuring a rare 3/5/6/6/11/6/6 fused-ring skeleton from Penicillium brefeldianum SMU03 and their antifibrotic activities
Xia Cheng, Lei Di, Luying Wu, Qi Luo
Journal：Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines
IF：7.5
DOI：10.1016/S1875-5364(26)61081-3
PMID：
Published：2026-01-20
research field：分子生物学药理学心脏病学
Abstract
Penicine A ( 1 ), a meroterpenoid featuring a novel 3/5/6/6/11/6/6 polycyclic backbone, together with two new metabolites, penicines B ( 2 ) and C ( 4 ), and six known compounds, were isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere soil-derived fungus Penicillium brefeldianum SMU03. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic analysis combined with quantum chemical calculations. Notably, 1 exhibits a highly unusual molecular architecture, incorporating a dioxaspiro[4.5]decane motif and a rare bridgehead double bond (anti-Bredt system). A plausible biosynthetic pathway, involving sequential intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, is proposed. Additionally, meroterpenoids 1 and 3 demonstrate significant antifibrotic activity in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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